International Journal of Education and Development using ICT

International Journal of Education and Development using ICT > Vol. 17, No. 3 (2021)

The Collective Integration of Technology (CIT) Model: Helping Teachers Incorporate Technology Meaningfully in Their Everyday Work

Lais Oliveira Leite, University of Eastern Finland
Altti Lagstedt, Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Finland; Turku School of Economics a

Abstract
There is no consensus on how educational technology solutions should be integrated in practice. Although several related models exist, none of them covers how education digitalization should be implemented and managed in a collective manner at both organizational (school) and individual (teacher) levels, so that process improvements support teachers' daily work as well as school and education administration. In this study, one researcher organized the training program for 168 Namibian K-12 teachers to apply remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researcher also discussed the program with trainers, and based on participatory observations, created the collective integration of technology (CIT) model through grounded theory. A second researcher collected related theories together, such as models for digitalization of processes; individuals’, and organizations’ IT innovation adaptation; change management, and organizational learning; among others, for literature review and model comparison. Both researchers evaluated the CIT model that was developed and found that it covers rather well several aspects of different existing models and theories, and, as such, can be considered as theoretically validated, although it still needs empirical validation. Based on the findings, improvements are proposed, and a new version is to be tested in practice.

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